Renaming or deleting a database can immediately break applications that depend on it.
cPanel warns that a MySQL database rename is a multi-step operation: it creates a new database, moves data, recreates grants/stored code, and then removes the old database. Active connections are terminated, and application configuration must be updated manually with the new name.
Before renaming or deleting a production database, create a usable backup and identify every application that uses the database. After a rename, update those applications before treating the change as complete.